Panel A1
Luigi Galvani

September 9, 1737 - Luigi Galvani is born in Bologna, Via delle Casse n. 13, (now via Marconi).
July 14, 1759 - He receives his degree in Medicine and the day after in Philosophy at the University of Bologna. Galvani divides his professional interests between medical and surgical practice, anatomical research, lecturing on medicine and later on obstetrics. His scientific interests concern the effects of external electricity on animals, especially frogs. He also performs experiments with artificial electricity (electrostatic machine) and natural (lightning).
1762 - He marries Lucia Galeazzi, the daughter of his teacher, the anatomist, physician and physicist Domenico Galeazzi. Lucia will be of precious help to him.
1763 - Lecturer in Medicine at the University of Bologna.
January 26, 1781 – Galvani observes the first “frog jump” when he touches with a knife the crural nerves of the frog in coincidence with a distant electrical discharge produced by an electrostatic machine.
1782 - He becomes professor of obstetrics at the Institute of Sciences in Bologna.
1791 – Galvani Publishes the De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari. Commentarius, in which he envisages the existence of an intrinsic animal electricity.
1794 – He publishes the Arco conduttore
1795 – He makes his only journey, to Rimini and Senigallia, to study electric fishes.
1797 – He publishes the Memorie
1796-1798 - Napoleon’s troops occupy the city of Bologna, and the Cisalpine Republic is born. Galvani refuses to swear alliance to the Republic, he is forced to leave the Institute of Sciences and is deprived of his pension (a few months after his death he will be reintegrated as Emeritus Professor).
December 4, 1798 - He dies.