+ C. Valieri: Assembly of Base Module for the detector of the submarine telescope Km3- C. Valieri: Assembly of Base Module for the detector of the submarine telescope Km3
The Bologna section currently hosts the only site where the Base Modules (BM) for the strings – (Detection Units) – of the neutrino telescope KM3NeT are assembled. Each BM will then be placed in a titanium container resistant to pressure above 350 atmospheres, placed in the anchor of the strings.
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BAse module: exploesed viewBase module: titanium container
The basic module consists of an aluminium frame produced in the workshop of the Bologna section. It houses electronic circuits designed to control the string,, and an optical fiber system intended for the exchange of data between the optical modules and the ground station.
The realization of this system requires a delicate activity of “splicing”, in other words fusion of the optical fibers, managed by the general technical service. This is a new skill for the section, acquired through training sessions conducted by experts from other laboratories, both Italian and European.
Assembling DWDM
BM construction
In the near future other institutes in Italy and abroad will host BM assembly sites. The definition of rigorous working procedures, based on quality assurance and quality control criteria, ensure that the characteristics of the portion of assembled detector are independent of the specific laboratory it has been assembled in.
+ Di Ferdinando e V. Togo: assembly of Near Detectcor cryostat for Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBN)- Di Ferdinando e V. Togo: assembly of Near Detectcor cryostat for Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBN)
At the Fermilab in Chicago we participated to the construction of the structure that, filled with tons of liquid Argon, constitute the cryostat of Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for the ICARUS and SBN experiments of the Short Baseline Near Detector project.
+ D. Di Ferdinando, V. Togo: Assembly and tests of modules for the Cosmic Ray Tagger for ICARUS- D. Di Ferdinando, V. Togo: Assembly and tests of modules for the Cosmic Ray Tagger for ICARUS
At the Frascati National Laboratories of INFN we participated to the assembly and testing of the 125 detector modules that will allow identification of the background of cosmic muons that will pass through the ICARUS experiment during its operation. Each module consists of an aluminium case which hosts bars of plastic scintillator coupled with Wavelength Shifter Fibers read by Silicon PhotoMultipliers. The modules will then be mounted on top of the ICARUS apparatus at the Fermilab in Chicago.
+ V. Cafaro e V. Giordano: Assembly and tests test of muons chambers for CMS experiment- V. Cafaro e V. Giordano: Assembly and tests test of muons chambers for CMS experiment
In mid 90’s we started working for the CMS experiment with the first prototypes of muon cameras. When the final setting of the chamber was reached, the responsibilities for the construction were shared and Bologna had the responsibility of building and testing the cathodes, among others.
FOTO 1: Schematic view of a Drift Tube Chamber Cathode FOTO 2 I-beam positioning dish (entry side)
Foto 2 shows a detail of the plane where the aluminium profiles were arranged, a series of pneumatic pistons operated at the right time aligned the aforementioned profiles for a precise cutting of the belts.
FOTO 3 e 4: MAchines to unroll the Aluminum and Mylar tapes.
FOTO 5 e 6: Plotter
With the first plotter, the first 10,000 cathodes were produced. Production continued in Protvino, Russia, where approximately 200,000 cathodes were produced from 2001 to 2004. Once built, the chambers were shipped to CERN where, from 2002 to 2007, we took care of the mounting on each: the cooling system, the gas circuit, the high and low voltage cables, the signal cables and the minicrates . Once the preparation was complete, the chambers were tested and sent to the experimental CMS area, to be mounted and wired on the detector. We have been doing manteinance on all rooms ever since.
+ V. Togo: Etching Lab for CR39 and Makrofol plastic detector- V. Togo: Etching Lab for CR39 and Makrofol plastic detector
Since 2009 Vincent is committed to the MoEDAL experiment (Monopole and Exotics Detector at the LHC) at CERN. The experiment aims at researching Magnetic Monopoles at LHC. He also works on calibration (at BNL and CERN), installation, etching and analysis of CR39 and Makrofol nuclear track detectors, while being responsible of the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector Laboratory.
+ D. Di Ferdinando: Involved in XXXV scientific expedition in Antarctica- D. Di Ferdinando: Involved in XXXV scientific expedition in Antarctica
From 09.01 to 08.02.2020 I participated in the XXXV Antarctic campaign of the National Research Program in Antarctica (PNRA) at the Italian-French base of Concordia on the Antarctic plateau at about 3300 meters above sea level.
In the mission I was the responsible, on behalf of the Institute of Polar Sciences of the CNR of Bologna, for the checking and the maintenance of the acquisition chain of radiometers for the permanent observatory Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). The observatory is located on 3 sites near the Concordia station and monitors global direct and diffused solar radiation; the data is collected all year round, in order to gather complete information on the radiation balance in the Eastern Antarctic Plateau.
The radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system is important in the determination of the thermal conditions and circulation of the atmosphere and the ocean, and for understanding the models of the main characteristics of the earth’s climate. From the knowledge of radiation flows on the earth’s surface it is possible to derive some parameters to understand the climatic processes. Any small changes in solar radiation on the Earth’s surface affect the climate: for this reason, accurate measurements are needed to perform and compare the simulation of past and future climate. This experience allow me to mature skills related to working under extreme weather conditions and isolation from the rest of the world.
+ A. Flammini D. Cavazza: detector assembly for cosmic ray experiment PolarquEEEst- A. Flammini D. Cavazza: detector assembly for cosmic ray experiment PolarquEEEst
PolarquEEEst Detector is a special device designed to capture the intense flow of cosmic rays that bombard the Earth above 80 ° N. PolarquEEEst is part of the EEE project that involves high school students both in the construction and monitoring of data collection. In the summer of 2018, the PolarquEEEst detector was installed on board the Nanuq sailboat for a scientific expedition to Iceland, Svalbard and Norway.
+ D. Di Ferdinando, V. Togo, C. Valieri: Emulsions handling and developing for OPERA experiment- D. Di Ferdinando, V. Togo, C. Valieri: Emulsions handling and developing for OPERA experiment
Working for the OPERA experiment let us developed techniques to delete the “fog” (spurious tracks acquired by the emulsions from the moment of their production up to the installation in the underground apparatus). We developed chemical baths for the development of emulsions and we specialized in the manual search for events of interest using microscopes. OPERA has employed 9,000,000 emulsions in the form of target bricks.
+ A. Chiarini: Assembling of CUORE cryostat- A. Chiarini: Assembling of CUORE cryostat
The CUORE cryostat, the largest ever built, started being constructed in 2014.
It consists of a system of concentric cylindrical screens, each of which cooled to increasingly lower temperatures going from outside to inside. These screens are sealed to plates that support the weight of the structure (in total, more than 15 tons).
+ A. Chiarini: Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) for ATLAS experiment- A. Chiarini: Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) for ATLAS experiment
RPC detectors, developed in Italy, consist of two layers of bakelite, 2 mm thick and approximately 3-4 m2 wide, positioned at a distance of approximately 2 mm and obtained by gluing plastic PVC profiles, containing a mixture of specific gases.
+ C. Valieri: Glueing fibers and plastic scintillators for ENUBET- C. Valieri: Glueing fibers and plastic scintillators for ENUBET
In 2018, 300 tiles were built for ENUBET project (ERC Consolidator Grant 2015) .
The plastic scintillator tiles are mechanically worked, to give it the desired shape, and spray painted with a reflective varnish. Afterwards, milling was carried out on two narrow sides, to create a channel in which to deposit and glue (using optical glue) the wavelength shifter fiber. All the tiles were packed inside a metal container and then a prototype calorimeter was assembled.
The types of fibers are DuPont BCF92 and Kurarai Y11, the bi-component glue EJ-500 and the paint EJ-510 with titanium dioxide (both Eljen Technology).
Figures shows positioning and subsequent gluing of the optical fibers in the tiles.
